ExaminationsInstrument / Preparation techniqueExample
Ion chromatography
e.g:Watercations (Na+, K+, NH4+, Ca2+, Mg2+), anions (F-, Cl-, NO4-, NO3-, SO42-)- to do -
Atomic absorption spectroscopy
e.g:Watertotal contents Fe, Mg, Al, Cu, Zn, As, Hg- to do -
UV-VIS spectroscopy
e.g:Waterorthophosphate, Fe(II)- to do -
Volumetry
eg:Carbonates in waterKs/Kb- to do -
Dissociation constants (pKs values)titration curves- to do -